Backgammon Rules
Setting Up
Backgammon board contains checkers, dice and cups.
The Backgammon board has twenty-four triangles in opposite colors.
These triangles are also known as points.
The twenty-four triangles (points) are divided into four areas. Six points in each area.
The board itself is divided into two sections by a bar which is where checkers are sent to once they have been hit.
Object of the Game
The object of the game is for each player to bring all his checkers into his home board, and then to bear them off the board. The first player to get all his checkers off the board is the winner.
Starting the game
At the beginning of the game, both payers throw a single dice. The player throwing the higher number moves first using both their number and the number of the opponent to move the checkers. If the same number comes up on both dice, the players re-roll until they are different. After the first move, players alternate turns by rolling their own dice.
Moving the Checkers
Each player's turn consists of the roll of two dice. He then moves one or more men in accordance with the numbers cast. Assume he rolls 4-2. He may move one man six spaces, or one man four spaces and another man two spaces. Bear in mind that, when moving a single man for the total shown by the two dice, you are actually making two moves with the one man---each move according to the number shown on one of the dice.
The Bar
The bar is the middle strip that separates the inner and outer boards and once a checker is placed there, it remains out of play until it can be entered in the opponent�s inner board by a throw of the dice.
Entering from the Bar
A checker can be entered from the bar if on the next roll one of the numbers corresponds to a point not occupied by two or more opponent checkers in the opponent�s home board. If you cannot enter because both points indicated by the dice are blocked, the turn passes to your opponent. If your opponent owns all 6 points in their board you can not roll since it is impossible to enter until your opponent opens up a point in their board. If a player has one or more checkers on the bar they must all be re-entered before any other checkers can be moved. Once all of the checkers have been entered, any unused numbers on the dice may be used to move the checker that was entered or any other checker.
The Bear Off
Bearing off is the last part of the game before you are allowed to take your men out off the board before you may begin to take you men out of the board on your way to win the game.
Notice that you have to gather all fifteen of your men before you can begin to bear them off.
• Bearing off in subjected to the numbers you rolled.
• You have to use all the numbers you've rolled.
Doubling
Backgammon is played for an agreed stake per point. Each game starts at one point. During the course of the game, a player who feels he has a sufficient advantage may propose doubling the stakes. He may do this only at the start of his own turn and before he has rolled the dice.
A player who is offered a double may refuse, in which case he concedes the game and pays one point. Otherwise, he must accept the double and play on for the new higher stakes. A player who accepts a double becomes the owner of the cube and only he may make the next double.
Subsequent doubles in the same game are called redoubles. If a player refuses a redouble, he must pay the number of points that were at stake prior to the redouble. Otherwise, he becomes the new owner of the cube and the game continues at twice the previous stakes. There is no limit to the number of redoubles in a game.
The Jacoby Rule
Gammons and backgammons count only as a single game if neither player has offered a double during the course of the game. This rule speeds up play by eliminating situations where a player avoids doubling so he can play on for a gammon. The Jacoby rule is primarily used in money games
The Crawford Rule
If you are playing an n-point match and your opponent is ahead of you, if he gets to n-1 points according to the Crawford Rule you are not allowed to use the doubling cube in the following game.
The Holland Rule
In post-Crawford games the trailer can only double after both sides have played two rolls. It makes the free drop more valuable to the leader. The Holland rule is rarely used.
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